These fantasies were literary models for women authors. Women had to negotiate with the male fantasies of the female, which were either of the submissive female-as-angel or the dangerous female-as-monster. The early nineteenth century women writers were working from within a male vision of creativity. Hence their reading of authors like Austen, the Brontes, Mary Shelley, George Eliot and Emily Dickinson in Madwoman is mainly an analysis of the social conditions of authors’ lives, the literary canon and the archives. Their interest, like Showalter, is in the material conditions of the woman writer’s creativity. Like Showalter, Gilbert and Gubar have analysed the nineteenth century for the position of the woman novelist in The Madwoman in the Attic (1979), the 2-volume No Man’s Land (1987-89) and their edition of The Norton Anthology of Literature by Women (1985). Key Ideas of Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubarīy NASRULLAH MAMBROL on Decem
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